Japanese Language Guide for Beginner - Lesson 11, A completely free Japanese language guide is most suitable for self-study Japanese language learners.
じしょ 形 (Jishokei) – The Plain Form
The plain form is called the dictionary form because this is the form you will find in a dictionary. It is also the informal/casual present affirmative form of a verb.
In Japanese, the lexical form ends with the letter ‘u row’.
This is basically three categories
1st group
2nd group
3rd group
1st group
When ます is removed from a verb, if there is a letter in the “い row”, it is removed and the corresponding letter in the “う row” is used.
How it is made is given below.
かいます ➝ かう (to buy)
かきます ➝ かく (to write)
はなします ➝ はなす (to talk)
たちます ➝ たつ (to stand)
しにます ➝ しぬ (to die)
よみます ➝ よむ (to read)
はしります ➝ はしる (to run)
およぎます ➝ およぐ (to swim)
とびます ➝ とぶ (to fly)
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Examples of the first group:-
へります ➝ へる (to decrease)
しります ➝ しる (to know)
きります ➝ きる (to cut)
はいります ➝ はいる (to enter)
かえります ➝ かえる (to go back)
ひきます ➝ ひく(to play (keyboard instrument))
あそびます ➝ あそぶ (to play (games, sports))
のみます ➝ のむ (to drink)
うたいます ➝ うたう (to sing)
もちます ➝ もつ (to take)
2nd group
When ます is removed from a verb, if there is a character in the “えrow” , the character る is added after it wi Japanese Language Guide for Beginner - Lesson 10, A completely free Japanese language guide is most suitable for self-study Japanese language learners. thout any change.
たべます ➝ たべる (to eat)
おしえます ➝ おしえる (to teach)
みます ➝ みる (to see)
ねます ➝ ねる (to sleep)
あげます ➝ あげる (to raise)
かけます ➝ かける (to hang up(picture on the wall) )
でます ➝でる (to leave)
つかれます ➝ つかれる (to get tired)
あけます ➝ あける (to open)
とめます ➝ とめる (to stop)
みせます ➝ みせる (to show)
いれます ➝ いれる (to put in)
あつめます ➝ あつめる (to collect)
Although there are no characteristics of the second group, some verbs belong to the second group.
おきます ➝ おきる (to get up)
かります➝ かりる (to borrow)
います➝ いる (to stay)
おります➝ おりる (to go down)
できます➝ できる (to be able)
•3rd group
Only します and ききが fall into this group.
します ➝ する (to do)
きます ➝ くる (to come)
Lesson by -
Sathsara Gamage
Japanese Language Coach
